![]() ![]() Nevertheless, we assert that Melia’s geometrical interpretation of his model is erroneous. Thus, Melia’s observational results are valid for our model as well. We believe that Melia’s universe is also positively curved and closed. We collect the results from our earlier papers and comment on them. In the second section, we oppose the two models and show that both models, although derived in different ways, are identical. , and a uniform expansion of the universe. One obtains the same Friedman equation, the same EOS, i.e., Surprisingly, Melia’s R h = ct model and our Subluminal Model yielded the same final results. The main aim of this paper is to prevent the assumption that galaxies in the universe have superluminal velocities. We proposed our Subluminal Model, which is positively curved and closed. This feature explains why Melia’s model is favored over other models. However, for Melia’s model, only one parameter needs to be determined. These quantities must be determined using astrophysical data. ![]() As Einstein’s field equations cannot fully determine the FRW models, it is necessary to introduce numerous parameters, namely, the Ωs and the deceleration parameter. Therefore, Melia’s model is significantly different from the standard FRW model, where pressure is applied by hand. Moreover, his model provides an exact solution to Einstein’s field equations while most FRW models do not. Melia has an extensive set of astrophysical data and has demonstrated in a series of articles that this data can be best adapted to the R h = ct model as compared to other Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models. Evidently, the name of Melia’s model comprises two variables belonging to two different coordinate systems. Melia called his model the R h = ct model, where R h represents the non-comoving radial coordinate at the cosmic horizon of the expanding model and t the cosmic time, i.e., the time in the system that comoves with the expansion. Matter, space, time, and infinity were created with the Big Bang. In numerous papers1, Melia has proposed a cosmological model that is flat and infinite and thus contains an infinite amount of matter. ![]()
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